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====== Steps, Platts and Arches ======

===== GENERAL =====

Most ground floors in the New Town are above pavement level; the ‘common stair’ or ‘main door’ is entered across a stone arched bridge carrying a stone platt and steps, and there are stone steps down from strect level to the basement areas. Stone from [[http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/park-summary/?park=1507|Hailes Quarry]] to the south-west of Edinburgh was commonly used for steps and paving; this stone is strongly stratified and has a reddish-fawn colour. The quarry has been filled-in but stone from [[https://staintonquarry.co.uk/|Stainton Quarry]] in County Durham is a fairly good colour match.

===== DEFECTS =====

Many steps and platts are badly worn and the soffit may have been softened and laminated due to water seeping through the joints; rooms added under the steps may suffer from chronic and incurable dampness. The arches and platts may have been weakened by settlement of the area retaining wall (as at the west end of Fettes Row) or, less commonly, by movement in the front wall of the building. The ends of stone steps often laminate and they may be split by rusting iron balusters.

{{ :stepsplattsandarchesincorrectposition.png?400|Steps, Platt and Arch in correct position}}
  
===== REPAIRS =====

Because the width of each step and platt stone is often as much as eight feet (2.5 metres), renewal can
be expensive; minor damage is best left undisturbed, unless it affects the stability of railings or masonry.

Worn treads and damaged nosings can be ignored unless they constitute a hazard. Localised areas
of wear or damage can be repaired by cutting back to a sound base and inserting a new stone indent
bedded in epoxy resin. * All paving stones become worn and it may be necessary to dress and buff an
indented stone to match the worn profile.

More extensive damage should be remedied by renewing whole stones, although only a few quarries
can supply stone in such long lengths. The conspicuous position and frequent use of the steps and platts
means that cheaper substitute materials are unsatisfactory; cement screeds, reinforced concrete, thin applied
flagstones, etc., are all unacceptable and unlikely to obtain Listed Building Consent. ‘

Damaged steps down to basement areas should be renewed in stone; however, if only the tread is
badly worn and the stone is otherwise sound, the surface may be levelled with an epoxy screed.

{{ :endofsrteparoundbaseofbalusterbrokenoff.png?300|}}If the stone around the base of cast-iron balusters has spalled off, it can be built up with a suitable
mortar repair mix around an armature of copper wire, but it is better if the stone can be cut back to
receive a new indent fixed with stainless-steel dowels and epoxy resin. With either method, the baluster should be removed, rust-proofed and reset in a new hole. If there is extensive damage to the edges of exceptionally long steps and platts, it may be necessary to cut back the ends by some 150 mm and refix the railings 100 mm from the newly formed edge. This repair requires an extra length of railing to be inserted on each side of the steps at the pavement; where the railings are complex, this may be difficult and expensive. On no account should the bases of the balusters be secured by a concrete haunching built up along the sides of the steps and platt.

If leaks are damaging a room in the basement below the platt, it may be worth repointing the joints,
although this will not be a permanent cure because, when new, the stones were butted without any form
of waterproofing. The existing mortar should be raked out to a depth of at least 50 mm, all loose mortar removed and the joints washed out, repointed with lime mortar and finished with silicone or polysulphide mastic applied by a gun to a depth of about 20 mm.

{{ ::stepsplattandarchdamagedbymovement.png?600| }}
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